The Constructive Alignment Theory Education Essay

The constructive alliance theory has been used to underpin the development of course of study in medical instruction for some clip Biggs and Tang 2007. A constructivist instructor designs larning experiences which are active and synergistic and works at the interface between the course of study and the scholar, which creates a new cognition. A A constructivist scholar will make or build their ain cognition and understanding with what they already know. The constructive alliance theory has been shown to fit medical pupils with the needed cognition and accomplishments that is required to pattern medical specialty successfully. There are two wide orientations in instruction ; the content cantered or teacher-centered constructs and pupil or learner-centered construct. A In the learner-centered construct the cognition is constructed by the scholar and the instructors a facilitator of larning than a mere presenter of cognition. The pupil centeredness includes the thought that the scholar h as a pick what to analyze, when to analyze and how to analyze. Here the scholar is placed at the centre of the full acquisition procedure there is increased duty and answerability on the portion of the scholar. An emerging tendency in all the medical schools in Australia is to hold an integrated medical course of study where there is an increased accent on autonomous or scholar centered acquisition, and active engagement of the acquisition procedure. JCU integrated medical course of study follows the guidelines for effectual university learning which says â€Å" effectual university instructors provide pupils with chances to be involved in the structuring of their ain acquisition experiences, and promote them to take control of their ain acquisition † and â€Å" effectual university instructors select from a scope of learning attacks and media those which will assist pupils run into topics and their ain purposes efficaciously † . Today ‘s medical pupils represent a wide spectrum in footings of age, experience, civilization, ethnicity and degree of readiness every bit good as acquisition manners and preferences.so there is a immense challenge for teachers to run into the educational demands of all pupils. When direction is adopted to scholars larning manners at that place will be increased student motive and public presentation. Because there are pupils with different educational backgrounds and different acquisition manners, it is the duty of the teacher to turn to this diverseness of larning manners among pupils and develop appropriate learning learning activities. The challenge of supplying quality larning experience for the pupils has prompted many pedagogues to look towards larning engineerings. Increased involvement in flexible acquisition chances in third instruction has risen in recent old ages in response to increased pupil diverseness and the outgrowth of new engineerings. Technologies allow pedagogues to personalise and humanise acquisition by including rich media constituents in classs that endeavor to prosecute pupils in active, meaningful acquisition ( Lee, Tan & A ; Goh 2004 ) . Australia has a strong tradition of distance instruction and a displacement towards online larning in Universities in the recent old ages has been seen as a natural extension of the more traditional signifier of distance instruction ( Bell et al, 2002 ) . In today ‘s acquisition environments, the effectual usage of instructional engineerings provide the scholar with flexible, immediate and on demand entree to class content. Flexible acquisition has em erged late to depict the altering stage of distance instruction, brought about by the turning acceptance of different larning engineerings to back up progressively diverse pupil population.Flexible acquisitionFlexible acquisition is a scope of larning attacks in footings of clip, gait, topographic point, content and manner, which are applied in changing grades. Flexible acquisition incorporates computing machine engineering into larning helping pupils in developing the cognitive processes needed for the usage of information engineering efficaciously. A scaffold of larning activities is created in flexible acquisition. The most of import purpose of flexible acquisition is to supply greater control to the scholar in the acquisition procedure and to supply chances and options through a assortment of learning -learning manners. The scholar will hold greater pick, liberty and control in flexible acquisition ( Geroge and Luke 1995 ) . This type of larning provides the scholar with picks a bout where, when and how learning takes topographic point ( Shurville et al. , 2008 ) . Pedagogical attack in flexible acquisition is sound and here the instructor becomes the facilitator in the acquisition procedure and the scholar gets greater control in the acquisition procedure. This teaching method is a going from the traditional teacher-centered methods of instruction, prefering the facilitation of the collaborative building of cognition and accomplishments. It increases the efficiencies in the bringing of instruction and caters to different groups of scholar. Present twenty-four hours net coevals scholar is multitasking nature and they demand for greater flexibleness related in the manner of survey, topographic point and gait. Flexible larning caters for these diverse groups of pupil organic structure ( Casey and Wilson, 2005 ) . The exponential growing of computing machine power and rapid enlargement of the broadband velocities in recent old ages has changed the outlook of these net coevals pupils and the acquisition chances offered to these scholars. In order to run into this turning demand, Universities are turning to flexible acquisition and e-learning as a convenient manner to supply flexible entree to acquisition ( Buleen and Janes 2007 ) . James cook Universities committedness to the development of flexible acquisition is embedded in the instruction learning appraisal policy, that is dedicated in supplying pupils from different backgrounds with the top quality larning environment and heighten pupil ‘s learning experience. One of the Core rules of the JCU learning larning assessment policy addresses this diverseness of pupils and their different acquisition manners. â€Å" Course design will endeavour to react to the rich diverseness of pupil backgrounds and tracts, including Aboriginal, Torres S trait Islander, international, inter cultural, low socioeconomic backgrounds, rural or remote, first household member go toing a university, return to analyze and people with handiness issues † . â€Å" In all topics a assortment of resources, learning methods and attacks to larn will be considered and adopted, in acknowledgment of the diverseness of the pupil organic structure † .A Overall objective here is to give pupils many picks in larning and control over the timing, construction and sequencing of their acquisition. One of the cardinal trademarks of flexibleness in acquisition is the acknowledgment of the differences ; differences in what the pupils want to larn and when he/she wants to larn. It besides allows for functioning pupils with particular demands and suiting the progressively varied cultural dimension in larning. Educators recognize that the scholars have single demands and require varying grades of flexibleness to run into their demands. Learner centered direction is the nucleus rule underlying this flexible acquisition. Here the accent is on the pick of the scholar. Facilitation of acquisition is another nucleus rule of flexible acquisition where the teacher takes more of a facilitator function in the procedure of larning than a commanding or information transporter function. Facilitators provide chances for showing content in a new and advanced function utilizing a combination of media and bringing manners. Here the content is drawn from a assortment of beginnings including picture, web sites, multimedia, artworks, sounds, lifes etc. Today ‘s medical pedagogues are confronting challenges than their predecessors in learning tomorrows physicians. Changing in wellness attention bringing and progresss in medical instruction and clinical medical specialty have increased demands on the medical module, ensuing in reduced clip for learning. Flexible acquisition can be used in undergraduate medical instruction to better the efficiency and effectivity of educational intercessions in the face of scientific and pedagogical challenges. Use of flexible acquisition is extremely variable in medical schools and it is more common in basic scientific discipline classs than in clinical scientific disciplines. Flexible acquisition has a characteristic that presupposes a great accent on self-teaching in undergraduate medical instruction. Students are encouraged to analyze and research independently. Collaborative acquisition and information exchange is intensified as to consolidate larning through group activities. The practical group activities can be performed in synchronal or asynchronous meeting in pupil place groups that permits collaborative and deep acquisition.Capable DesignYear 2 Medical plan has 190 pupils of which more than 50 % of the pupils are between 21 to 25 old ages and the group besides has approximately 35 % of pupils who are above 30 old ages. Students fall ining six twelvemonth undergraduate medical plan at JCU are school departers, alumnuss ( with a grade non related to the medical class ) or graduates with grades in biological and wellness scientific disciplines. But there are pupils in this group who are non from the biological background and had the trouble in settling into the Medical course of study in their early months in the Medical School. The biggest challenge faced by the School of Medicine at JCU is to suit the scholars who have come from different backgrounds. Bing a rural medical school this challenge is heightened at JCU due to miss of resources and isolation. Because t he pupil group has scholars from different backgrounds, the course of study or the single faculty must be more originative and flexible to run into the demands of single scholars. Larger category ( 190 pupils ) means more about talk centered – acquisition and minimum pupil battle and this will make a barrier to entree acquisition. The category size plants against the rational development, larning and success in a medical school. Year 2 medical plan has two pathophysiology classs – Integrated system pathophysiology 1 and 2. Different organic structure system faculties are taught with accent on Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology in these classs which is spread across two survey periods ( SP1 and 2 ) . Hematology and Renal Medicine is the faculty under Integrated System Pathophysiology 1 during survey period 1, which runs for 13 hebdomads. This faculty has two subdivisions – haematology and Renal Medicine. During the last 5 hebdomads of HRM faculty pupils learn about Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiology and Pathophysiology subjects in this faculty are complex and in the old feedback pupils have raised few concerns about the talk subjects in the faculty and about deficiency of clip and chances available for the survey of complex physiology subjects in this faculty. Feedback suggested that face to face and synthesising Sessionss in the faculty were unequal to gestate the dynamic procedures and complex physiology mechanisms in the nephritic physiology subject. Besides when complex subjects were presented in schoolroom talks, pupils either retained a simplistic position of the subject or were confused when introduced to a new subject based on an apprehension of consecutive procedures. Hence, I have planned to present flexible acquisition faculty, which supports face-to-face bringing, to specifically turn to the jobs identified by the pupils in the Renal Medicine Course. Face-to-face acquisition for this faculty is in the signifier of one hr talk at the beginning of the hebdomad and another hr of synthesising session on Fridays. There is a three hr guided larning session in the signifier of active acquisition that supports these face-to-face bringings during the hebdomad. The contents of the nephritic medical specialty faculties are carefully chosen to develop flexible acquisition activities spread across a 4 hebdomad period. Table 1: Different sections chosen to present in the flexible acquisition faculty for this class Teaching Sections Week Subjects 1 9 Histology of kidneys and the urinary system 2 9 Physiology of nephritic system 3 10 Role of kidneys in H2O balance 4 11 Role of kidneys in blood force per unit area ordinance 5 12 Control of urinary vesica and urination 6 13 Diuretic drugs and their mechanisms of action Every section has different learning acquisition activities which are developed utilizing Blackboard, the unfastened beginning class direction system. Different learning acquisition activities for these flexible acquisition faculties are Podcasting and Camtasia recordings ; face-to-face talk will be recorded utilizing Camtasia/Doceri and will be uploaded online. Lecture podcasting is besides uploaded in MP3 format A 20 proceedingss i-lecture which will cover the subjects ( as per the sections mentioned above ) is recorded and uploaded Home group wiki treatment board for mini instance treatment related to the hebdomadal subject. Open treatment board for treatment about the inquiries asked in the workbook in the GLS Sessionss, utilizing blackboard treatment tools YouTube picture links – Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology pictures E-book chapters, text edition pages, and reappraisal articles related to the subjects are uploaded to the learning resources booklet Home groups [ 20 pupils in a group ] have the chance for 30 proceedingss blackboard collaborate confabs session with the lector Linkss to the specific subject pages of Medical Revision Community and Pod trefoils Online quizzes at the terminal of the hebdomad – which will hold MCQ ‘s and cardinal characteristic paper inquiries. Online brooding diaries will be used for feedback on a hebdomadal footing for this faculty. Contexts and Settings for Flexible Learning: Our scholars: Undergraduate, grownup, domestic and international pupils The sort of acquisition we are seeking to accomplish: Knowledge, accomplishments and attitudes Delivery of the content: On-line talks and instance treatments. The other acquisition activities that can be organized to run into the larning results: Question-answer Sessionss, pictures, online quizzes Available Resources: press releases, worksheets, workbooks, ocular, power points, pictures Table 2: Summary of the Comprehensive Teaching Schemes used for Flexible Learning in this faculty Learning Results Teaching Scheme Learner Activity Cognition Transmit/Inform Reading Podcast Camtasia I-lecture Videos Associating to theory Autonomous acquisition Cognition Engage Video Mini Case Discussion Discussion Board Quiz Knowledge reading Supplying multiple positions Skills Practice Case Discussion Discussion board Blackboard Collaborate Clarifying cognition Interpretation accomplishments Skills Application Collaborate treatment Case Discussion Cardinal Feature Paper inquiries ( instance based ) Synthesizing cognition Deep acquisition Apply basic scientific disciplines to clinical medical specialty Researching acquisition As with face to face instruction, these online, blended categories is constructively aligned to accomplish upper limit larning benefits and results. All facets of the flexible bringing, from purposes, larning results, talks and other activities are all and straight related to each other, and back up a progressive system of larning throughout the 5 hebdomads continuance of the class.JustificationYear 2 haematology and nephritic medical specialty class are presently utilizing face-to-face instruction which treats all pupils as indistinguishable scholars. This ignores the fact that pupils have different degrees of acquisition manners, motive, attending span and ability to larn [ ref 5 ] . Traditional big talk presentations [ first twenty-four hours debut session and synthesising session in this faculty ] have jobs prosecuting the pupils and in run intoing their single acquisition manners. With flexible teaching-learning activities in this faculty, the acquisition and instruction can hap pen at times that are more convenient and productive for pupils. Students can work at their ain gait within a given model. Online larning provides options to entree and portion information more readily and this besides provides greater deepness of resources and information. Open treatment and mini instance treatment Sessionss in this faculty offer opportunities to interact and larn in ways that the traditional instruction in the faculty ca n't offer. Therefore, there is a displacement of focal point in the faculty from a teacher-centered theoretical account to learner centered theoretical account offering stronger learning motive and interactivity. The faculty is designed to value the diverseness of experience and pattern taking into the consideration of the Internationalization of University course of study and this flexible instruction will ever back up both local and international pupils ‘ who have come from different educational backgrounds and have diverse learning manner s. Learning direction system, societal package application like Wiki, treatment forum and web based talk engineerings are the different acquisition engineerings used in this flexible acquisition faculty that will supply communicating and coaction chances. The university instruction and acquisition policy emphasizes that the instructor should seek to heighten pupil battle in acquisition by linking assorted constituents in a topic. The nucleus acquisition rule besides underlines the demand of invention in learning and acquisition and the usage of larning engineerings to reenforce and heighten the pupil larning experience. The different acquisition engineerings will give the pupils flexibleness to take when and where to entree talks and other learning resources. Students with weaker acquisition accomplishments will acquire more clip and options for interaction and to speed up their acquisition independently. Medical instruction is a dynamic entity that is germinating rapidly and taking adv antage of the flexible, web based learning methods allow more face-to-face instruction clip to be used for learning other complex subjects during this basic scientific discipline faculty. The talk podcasting, Camtasia/Doceri and i-lecture formats offer pupils the increased flexibleness of being able to entree the acquisition stuffs every bit frequently as required, 24 hour. a twenty-four hours, 7 yearss a hebdomad. This on-line talk will be really effectual for this faculty as there are a big figure of pupils in category ( more than 180 pupils ) . These on-line talks engage the pupils more efficaciously than the face-to-face talks and pupils can mention to this talk several times over the class of the faculty. During the on-line treatment forums ( mini instance treatments and unfastened treatments in this faculty ) , pupils are given basic information about the new constructs and are encouraged to work together on clinical jobs and inquiries which helps them to understand cardinal physiology and pathophysiological constructs for themselves. Students in the traditional face-to-face acquisition do non possess the cardinal critical analytical accomplishments hence they a re happening it hard to understand the key basic physiological constructs. Flexible acquisition enables pupils to widen their acquisition experience beyond the boundary lines of a schoolroom and a assortment of web resources and web links to medical podcast, podmedics and medical alteration community pages in this faculty to better pupil ‘s acquisition capablenesss and besides their critical thought accomplishments. Nephritic Medicine faculty in twelvemonth 2 includes complex subjects in Physiology ( nephritic ordinance of electrolyte balance, H2O balance, blood force per unit area ordinance etc. ) . Some of the facets of physiology that make it hard include the big volume of information typically covered and its integrative nature. Most common ailments from pupils in their feedback is that there is excessively much to analyze and retrieve and excessively many didactic Sessionss on basic physiology. The planned flexible acquisition Sessionss address these facets and present active acquisition tools to form construction and represent information and cognition in a more meaningful format. During the flexible acquisition, pupils are able to take a content bringing method that matched their learning manner to understand the complex subjects in physiology. Students can work through the different sections in the faculty at their ain velocity and develop a more meaningful apprehension of the subjects. Therefore the overall aim of this flexible acquisition faculty is to give the scholar more pick and control over the timing, sequence and the construction of larning activities, and to cut down the barrier to entree acquisition. This on-line faculty is likely to heighten pupils ‘ motive in larning Renal Medicine physiology. The interactivities and communicating tools will actuate the pupils and assist them increase perceptual experience and keeping of this subject. Present twenty-four hours net-generation medical pupils want larning ‘options ‘ , ‘choices ‘ and ‘personalization ‘ . By supplying scholars with the freedom of pick, this flexible acquisition can put the phase for pupil success in this class.

Thirsting for Power

Power is defined the ability to do something or act in a particular way, especially as a faculty or quality. Each and every person possesses some type of power over another thing. Some people are content with not having any power whatsoever and then there are people whose entire lives revolve around that thirst and need for power. The latter is a description of two famous people in history, Malcolm X and Julius Caesar. Thirsting for power and wanting to much of a good thing can be very self-destructive. This thirst for power can cause people to be blinded but the reality of what is going on around them.Taking into consideration that both of these powerful leaders had this longing for power that ultimately leaded to their destruction we can identify many similarities and differences that may be relevant to their nature and the way they both lived, and died. The major difference between Julius Caesar and Malcolm X is obviously the time period in which they were from. Malcolm X was born in the early 20’s and Julius Caesar was born around 100 BC. These time periods are completely different eras from each other yet the thirst for power and a solid following was present in both of them.The thirst for power is something that has been around since man was created. A key similarity between these two leaders is that their thirst for power and their ability to have an influential effect on people’s lives was seen from a very early age. Caesar was born around 100 BC and by the time he was 18 had already been through and witnessed more than many people had that were in their later years of age. He was married to the daughter of a very noble man, fathered her child. Then was ordered to divorce her or be executed. Caesar refused to divorce Cornelia and her fathered ordered him to be executed which caused him to go into hiding.After escaping that event, barely with his life he was kidnapped in Grease Around 60BC is when his power really started to motivate his da ily actions as well as increase the crazy thirst he had for power. â€Å"While sailing to Greece for further study, Caesar was kidnapped by Cilician pirates and held for ransom. When informed that they intended to ask for 20 talents, he is supposed to have insisted that he was worth at least 50. He maintained a friendly, joking relationship with the pirates while the money was being raised, but warned them that he would track them down and have them crucified after he was released.He did just that, with the help of volunteers, as a warning to other pirates, but he first cut their throats to lessen their suffering because they had treated him well,† (Yavetz). The experience of Caesar’s kidnapping helps us to see another similarity between him and Malcolm X. Both men were considered very wise, intellectual and eloquent speakers. This worked very much in their advantage. They were quick to think on their feet and were able to persuade and convince people very easily. This is a very useful skill regarding the thirst of power because in order to have power a person must also have support and some sort of following.This is needed in order for the power to grow and to help to protect the leader from enemies who are not so supportive or easily convinced. The fact that Caesar could be held captive by pirates, entertain and joke with them while warning them of their deaths that will come as revenge, shows so much about Caesar’s attitude. In 72 BC Caesar was elected military tribune and then would go on to speak to the people at the funerals of his loved ones. Instead of putting much of the focus on those who died, those who were close to him, he made sure that the people that were listening acknowledged his noble past and bloodline (Kebrick).It was during this time that the thirst for power began to really be set in motion. It was at this time that he was beginning to gain more and more of a following and put into the peoples’ heads how magni ficent of a leader he would be. â€Å"In 58 BC Caesar left Rome for Gaul; he would not return for 9 years, in the course of which he would conquer most of what is now central Europe, opening up these lands to Mediterranean civilization—a decisive act in world history. However, much of the conquest was an act of aggression prompted by personal ambition (not unlike the conquests of Alexander the Great).Fighting in the summers, he would return to Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy) in the winters and manipulate Roman politics through his supporters,† (Kebric). After this and many more complex events and elections Caesar would continue to plunder neighboring territories and occupy them. This is how the rise of the Roman Empire, the strongest and longest lasting empire began. Caesar would publicly deny his want to be idolized as a King but acted in ways that suggested he wanted to be idolized more of a God than a Monarch. It was this attitude and his thirst for more power, more territory that would lead his enemies to assassinate him in 44 BC.â€Å"Caesar attended the last meeting of the Senate before his departure, held at its temporary quarters in the portico of the theater built by Pompey the Great (the Curia, located in the Forum and the regular meeting house of the Senate, had been badly burned and was being rebuilt). The sixty conspirators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Brutus Albinus, and Gaius Trebonius, came to the meeting with daggers concealed in their togas and struck Caesar at least 23 times as he stood at the base of Pompey's statue,† (Yavetz).Although his own reign was short lived and his thirst for power caused his own self destruction, Julius Caesar will always be known for the creation and rise of the Roman Empire. Malcolm X, like Julius Caesar, had a troubled childhood. His parents died young and he was in and out of foster homes as well as jail cells. When the law finally caught up with him in Bost on, for a robbery charge, he was sentenced to a 8-10 year sentence in Charleston Prison. It was in prison in which his thirst for power began to take shape.He was introduced to many books and would often read many in one day. Also while in prison, he was visited by several siblings who had joined to the Nation of Islam, a small sect of black Muslims who embraced the ideology of black nationalism—the idea that in order to secure freedom, justice and equality, black Americans needed to establish their own state entirely separate from white Americans. Malcolm X converted to the Nation of Islam while in prison,† (Malcolm X). Malcolm’s transition and thirst for power was a lot different from Caesars for the reason that he had good intentions.He wanted better for his people, African American people. He had seen so much racism and lost many close friends and even his family to the KKK. Teachers told him from a young age that because he was African American, he wouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t be able to do things such as become a lawyer and that he needed to be more realistic about his place in life. It was these numbered events that offered fuel to the fire that was burning inside Malcolm. He was unhappy with the way society was working, along with the majority of society at this time.In my opinion, Malcolm was  a much better leader than Caesar because the motives behind his thirst for power had some justification, at least for African Americans and was not just about taking over any and everything that he could, like with Caesar. Malcolm’s thirst for power was to offer something better to his people whereas Caesar’s thirst for power came from arrogance and wanting the world to recognize him as being the most powerful. When X was released in 1952 he would relocate to Detroit, Michigan and join forces with the head of the Nation of Islam, Elijah Mohammed to spread the word of this new way of life.In the eyes of the Nation of Islam, he was a miracul ous leader. He became overseeing minister of a temple in Harlem, a temple in Boston and even helped to found temples in Philadelphia and Hartford. Articulate, passionate and a naturally gifted and inspirational orator, Malcolm X exhorted blacks to cast off the shackles of racism â€Å"by any means necessary,† including violence. â€Å"You don't have a peaceful revolution,† he said. â€Å"You don't have a turn-the-cheek revolution. There's no such thing as a nonviolent revolution.†Such militant proposals—a violent revolution to establish an independent black nation—won Malcolm X large numbers of followers as well as many fierce critics,† (Malcolm X). It was Malcolm’s ability to captivate audiences, just as Caesar, that would put him front-and-center of a power vacuum. Also, like Caesar, he would be betrayed and envied by those who were close to him. In Malcolm’s case it was Elija Mohammed who would begin to envy X’s power and ability to gain support. X would leave the Nation of Islam in 1964 after constant tension with Elijah and his disgust with disregarding his own teachings.He considered Elijah to be a hypocrite and felt that the path the Nation was going down was one doomed for disaster. Little did he know, this move would be the lead to his own disaster. On the evening of February 21, 1965, at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan, where Malcolm X was about to deliver a speech, three gunmen rushed the stage and shot him 15 times at point blank range†¦ He was 39 years old. The three men convicted of the assassination of Malcolm X were all members of the Nation of Islam. Although both Caesar and X were both powerful speakers and leaders, their motives behind power were quite different.Both men wanted to convince as many people as they could that the way things were being done, were not right. Both men felt they had the power to change the world. However, the differences lie in how they wanted it to change. Caesar wanted violently take over all and any territory he could and X wanted to gain the support of his people and ultimately begin a quest back to Africa where African Americans could live amongst themselves without discrimination. The actions that resulted from their thirst for power is what would ultimately lead to both of their assassinations.

Effects of television Essay

Television may be one way to educate children but alongside of it is something that is very hazardous especially to toddlers. Letting your children watch cartoons such as Dora the Explorer, Sesame Street and the likes is both beneficial and dangerous. At some point there are things that need to be addressed by the parent when their children are watching television on their own. For parents whose child is under 2 years of age, letting their kids watch television for the entire day would be very harmful. One way to prevent any untoward things to happen at a young age is to limit their viewing hours. The Baby Center Medical Board Advisory wrote in their website: Since your child is under age 2, it’s best to keep TV-watching to a bare minimum. If you choose to allow some television, break it up into 15-minute increments. Much more than that and your toddler’s brain can shift to autopilot. Do away with letting your children watch television program of their choice as it may have violent scenes. Researchers have found that when a toddler watches those kinds of programs, it is likely that they will, sooner or later, imitates the scene or they will display an aggressive behavior. Also, letting children watch television all day would give them less time to read books, exercise, play outdoors and make friends in the neighborhood. If a child owns a video game console, there is a big chance that they will be hard to discipline. Parents will have to deal with calling their kids for dinner time and get no response since they are busy with whatever game they are playing. The promotions of different kinds of alcoholic drinks, cigarettes, and illicit drugs are also harmful to children who watch television all day. Such kind of promotion makes the child think that using these products is good for everyone. Additionally, the meaning and ideals conveyed in any television program may give children a different understanding of things that will eventually influence the way they think and the kind of behavior that they will exhibit. A concern raised by the American Academy of Pediatrics says that, children are being subjected to much sexual imagery in the likes of music videos, television programs, and the advertisements. On the other hand, there are things that can be taught while watching television such as good moral values, following proper diet, other learning such as speaking, reading, appreciation of arts and many others. Parents should actually guide their children when watching television. They should be able to explain to their children what is happening in the scene or if the scene is not appropriate for them. Also, having parents watch television with their children is one way of bonding. There is a way where parents can restrict the shows that can be seen by the children through the help of the V-chip. V-chip is a device use to block programs that are not suitable for children in a specific age bracket. Setting the viewing time limit of a child can contribute much to their growth. A practice such as letting children watch television program only after finishing their homework is one of the ways where they can be limited to watching or playing video games. More, watching television is risky for children since they tend to become obese. A study presented by Harvard Medical School student, Sonia Miller, shows that the more a child sits in front of the television set, the more tendency of eating unhealthy foods and taking in too much sugar. The study showed that for each additional hour of TV viewing per day, the children consumed 0. 06 additional servings per day of sugar-sweetened beverages, 0. 32 additional servings per week of fast food and a total of 48. 7 additional calories per day, after adjusting for age, sex, maternal socio-demographics, race, body mass index, breastfeeding duration and sleep duration. Moreover, the more additional hours a child spent in front of the boob tube means that they have taken a number of fruits or vegetables that is required for their daily intake. However, Miller said that obesity and television watching is in any way not the same. â€Å"Watching television all day and doing nothing physical is not a cause for a child to be obese at an early age, but still the researchers are working out on the said matter† (Lepage-Monette, 2007). However, for a working mother, she cannot just contain her children to watch programs that she intends to watch. In a confession made by a working mother, she said that in order to have things done, she sometimes needs to turn on the television to catch the attention of her children and leave her with whatever work she has to do. The use of television in school is, on the other hand, one way to get the attention of a child especially those in their kindergarten. With the use of different educational DVDs, students become more interested in learning things. Using videos that have subjects like biology and history captures the interest of a student since they tend to understand more the lesson given that they are able to see it for themselves. In biology, the teacher can let their students watch a certain episode on National Geographic or Discovery channel that is in reference to their upcoming lesson. In the Philippines, there are television programs that are intended to be used as an instructional media to students. There are programs for enriching the knowledge of students in Mathematics, Science, English, History and Literature and the Arts. For over 4 years, the Philippine government has agreed to use these media in order to teach students. Both private and public schools in the Philippines use the said media to let their students further understand the lesson. Personally, the use of instructional media like that in the Philippines is very beneficial to students. It does not expose the student to a long time of television viewing yet it helps them understand their respective lessons with the help of the videos. Letting students read thick books is something that they will not do and will only give them the idea of having an A-list classmate do the work and in the end; the student does not learn anything. Whereas, with showing video clips or documentaries, they tend to be more attracted to the lesson and will later on research on things that is in accordance to what they saw and learn a thing or two from it. It is not bad to let children watch television programs, only there should be proper guidance from elders. And these elders should be able to explain if the scene is really intended for students at a particular age or not. References BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board (2006, October). TV-watching guidelines for toddlers Milton Chen, Ph. D. (1994). The Smart Parent’s Guide to Kids’ TV. KQED Books. Hanna D Margeirsdottir; Jakob R Larsen; Cathrine Brunborg; Leiv Sandvik; et al (2007, June). Strong Association Between Time Watching Television and Blood Glucose Control. Diabetes Care. pg. 1567.

Effective Management of the Logistics Essay

The concept of globalization has gripped the world of today. The constant evolution of the world around us has changed everything from our life styles to country politics. It has also changed the way businesses have operated traditionally. Today, the success of any business is more dependent on the use of elements which have emerged as a result of globalization. Like globalization has affected all, it also has changed many important concepts and theories in a way. For businesses, it has always remained a remained as to how to reach the prospective and existing customers for providing any services. This branch of management sciences is called logistics. The concept of logistics evolved in the 1950’s. It came into realization due to the increasing complexity with which material and supplies were being transported to the company and from the company to the customers. Logistics is defined as the most effective way to transport the product to the customer as fast as possible with high quality. The quality of the product, services given to the customers, availability of the product, lowest time advantages and a low cost of distribution altogether define logistics. If the firm uses its strategies and the capabilities of logistics effectively and efficiently then it can gain a competitive edge over other companies of the industry. Capabilities here are defined as a set of knowledge, skills, attitudes and attributes a company possesses which helps them to achieve a high quality and superior performance and to sustain the competitive advantage they enjoy over their competitors (Hoover 2001). These capabilities are essential for the company to adopt as they can prove beneficial. One of the key factors which constitute a part of logistics capabilities is effective management. Management is the art of managing everything so as to acquire desirable results. Management in the case of customers is also very important. Delivering them the right things in the right quantity and quality at the right time through low cost qualifies for effective management in logistics. If the firm manages the components of the logistics mix efficiently then the firm can sustain its edge in the long run. They also help to increase the value of the company as well as the customers. With the increasing globalization, the components of the logistics mix have evolved to a standard of five factors. These elements include unitization, transportation, storage facilities, packaging and communications. A correct combination of these components can help the company achieve its goals and objectives. Unitization here refers to breaking down the products into small units also called pellets that can be transported to the clients. Transportation involves the facilities, vehicles, freight charges and other costs in delivering the right product to its end users. Packaging is one of the four factors of marketing. Packaging is the most important component of the mix. It involves packing the products and supplies in a way that does not cause any damage. Protective packaging is important to ensure that the products remain intact. Storage facilities are the places or areas in which the products are stored for the time being. This case generally happens when the company has a lot of inventory. Products are kept in storage rooms or basements until the time they are delivered to the customers by whatever means. The last but not the least and the most important factor in the mix is that of communication. Communication is the delivery of messages from the suppliers to the buyers and vice versa. It is of utmost importance that the company has advanced means of communication which are in alignment with the latest technology. This will provide a faster method of keeping track of the client’s orders, suggestions, feedback and complaints. The management of logistics is applied to every industry around especially those which provide services. Almost all the companies whose core business is that of services have a department of logistics. People who specialize in this area are known as logisticians. One of the flourishing industries in the world today is that of hospitality. It basically involves the food chains, fast food joints, restaurants and hotels. Hotels are an important part of the hospitality industry. Hotels generate a lot of profits and in any country is a major source of boosting the economy. If the country is a tourist site then the main funding of the economy comes from the money generated by these hotels. The hotels are organized in a way that departments are interdependent. They operate and work together to manage the hotels’ large customer base and provide them with the best of all services. Every hotel has a logistics department which aims at providing the best of the hotels facilities and services to the customers. The services of a hotel range from providing accommodation to food to entertainment to the customers. Therefore, it gets very difficult for the logistics department to take care of the supplies as well as the end products. This is also the reason why logistic management is vague and difficult when it comes to the hospitality industry. For a hotel, the major objective is to satisfy its customers and do nothing to compromise on their tastes and demands. A bar of soap or a roll of tissue paper is probably the smallest item when it comes to a hotel’s room services. When management works to predict the trends of its usage, it wants the supplies in abundance and therefore, many hotels opt for the Never out of Stock inventory. This means ordering the supplies in large amounts so that the inventory never depletes. The inventory includes in-room products like medical aid boxes, stationary, tissues and other toiletries like soaps, disposable sanitary items, shower caps, toothpastes and other cosmetics. As many organizations think this is the best solution to their problem of depletion of inventory, it creates other issues like that of storage. Having the never out of stock inventory calls for more storage space. Space is one thing that the hotels don’t lack in and as a result they assign the required rooms to the storage of their supplies. It is because of this additional space advantage that many hotels also dream of having an accessible on demand warehouse dedicated to the purpose of accumulating its items of inventory(Harrison 2003). But in reality, many hotels encounter problems because of their habit of over-ordering these items. They do so because they are afraid to go out of stocks. This creates trouble for them because hotels often have a little space for storage and more than often they have no warehouses. Also, the staff is inexperienced when it comes to monitor the stock items. This massive ordering of items also weakens the monetary status of the company and they end up paying more money than the usage of these items as they have to be discarded because of their ‘best before’ and expiry dates, this addresses the component of storage facilities in the logistics mix. Another component is that of transportation. Hotel management often is faulty when it comes to estimating the time of the delivery of supplies. The transit time is undermined on many occasions. This also creates issues in the costs involved which get higher as the time of the transit of these items increases. This needs to be managed very professionally since a long delay from the origin of the supplies to the destination which is the hotel can threaten the replenishment of Never out of Stock items. Many unpredictable factors are involved when it comes to replenishment of these items. In a case of depletion of inventory the hotels try to buy stuff from the local markets. The stuff available there is an imitation of what they usually get supplied and therefore by doing so they risk the expectations and anticipations of their customers. In doing so, the corporate identity of the company is also put at stake(Miller 2003). The issue can be conquered with success if the logistics department at the hotel orders the items in large quantities. Bulk buying has always remained a favorable practice to be followed. Ordering the inventory in bulk two times a year is better than ordering the same items in small quantities twice every month. This bulk buying saves a lot of money on freight. Also, freight related costs decrease since the hotel does not have to pay additional charges on administration and customs. In short, the transportation component can be best handled if the logistics is handled effectively. Hotels have been seen fighting over lowering the costs by contacting different manufacturers or suppliers of their inventories and yet they fail to realize the potential that lies within an effectual management of the logistics. Packaging plays an important role as a component in the logistics mix. The smooth operation of every operation requires careful examination of every aspect involved in the process. From the time the shipment leaves for its destination till the time the item is received, all that is with the items is the protection which the packaging provides. The package determines the safety of the items and the exact location of its destination. Unitization is also a very part of the mix. A unit is a certain standard or volume of the quantity of the product that is to be delivered to the consumer. Units combined together form one large unit known as a pallet or units can be subdivided into smaller units for the ease of handling and management known as the consumer packages. Most of the products in the hotel industry move in the form of units. This makes the distribution of the products easier and is also easy on the part of supply chain. The purpose of using these units as a source of easy distribution is to ensure proper handling and storage of these products. They also help in alleviating the costs involved in handling and also reduce damage as lesser individual handling is involved. There are various types of designs which can be adopted to suit the requirements in the best manner possible(Larson & Halldorsson 2004). A very important component without which a lot of things aren’t possible is communications. Communications is supposed to be the most crucial component of all. Communication has always remained the most important item in anything and everything. Logistics too is incomplete without the element of communications in it. Communication is the exchange of messages between two parties for the sake of some purpose. In this case, communication is the passage of messages from the customers to the clients for the objective of placing their orders and other related tasks. For the purpose of communication, a medium is also required. A medium is a way through which the message is carried out to the intended party. Traditional media like phones and fax are there in all the companies. With the advancement of technology, now there are other media too through which one can communicate. For example: the internet. An effective management of this component is required as this is the primary source of every action taken by the hotel. The hotels can also outsource these works to the Hotel Logistics companies which excel at such tasks. These firms/companies provide the best storage facilities by warehousing and superior distribution services and freight management by lowering the costs and charges involved in transportation. They can be contacted through the internet. Popularity of e-commerce has now enabled the hotels and their procurement departments to contact such firms via internet and place their order on the web sites. They also provide solutions to these companies for their different requirements. From food to beverages, from cosmetics to toiletries, from in-room to bathroom products, they are in charge of providing all stocks as are wished for by the hotels. The frequency of use of items in the hotels varies from hotel to hotel. Some hotels place their orders on a weekly basis on any day so as to receive their supplies the following day while other hotels demand a delivery of inventory items twice a week. Some hotels even place orders once a month because of their low usage of these products. This variation of placement of orders is also dependent on regions(Lambert 2008). Hotels in countries which attract a lot of tourists have a higher frequency of placing orders than those which aren’t tourist spots. Also, underdeveloped countries have a low rate of frequency with which the orders are placed(Nathalie & Jahre n. d). Above discussed are the logistics involved in the hotel industry. It also discusses how to manage these components effectively. Now the question arises: how are the effective management of these components and a wise use of their combination is beneficial to the business. The answer is simple and lies within. All these activities of managing the logistics effectively add value to the business as well as to the customers. Increased customer satisfaction increases the loyalty of the customers. Positive marketing is also an outcome associated of this loyalty. This in turn, attracts new customers and widens the customer base of the hotels. It is evident from the above discussion that a strategy must be selected which combines these components in a way that provides best results to the customers. If any company learns to handle its logistics effectively then there is no way that the company is not ahead of the competition it faces in the industry.

Discussion Board 8-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion Board 8-1 - Essay Example Computer is an important test instrument that helps in easy analysis of test results. Additional insight is that merging the various test and assessment tools can help in achieving accurate results about test-takers. In the future, counselors should advocate for creation of advanced computer software with capabilities of synchronizing with various tolls such as interviews, role-plays and case history data to perform quick analysis of results. Computer has proved to be an essential instrument for any kind of work. It has the capability of multitasking and processing large volumes of data at fast speed. It is for the reasons that there is need for development of software programs that can process interview results, case history data, and videos of role play, and perform analysis to produce accurate results about conditions affecting special groups (Cohen, Swerdlik & Sturman, 2013). The Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) mostly used for individuals with co-occurring disorders should be installed in tablet and laptop computers for use during assessments. The installation should be in such a manner that computer process results upon marking of the items evident in

Social work and human services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Social work and human services - Essay Example I have learnt that reflection can be used as a way to correct any misconceptions, distorted beliefs or even the assumptions previously formed that lack verification of knowledge (Mendes, 2003). It is the interpretations made by the reader during the reflection process that leads to transformations. I learnt that reflection is different from critical reflection not so much in intensity but in magnitude. Critical reflection does the exact things reflection does but instead of focusing on only one area, it spreads to cover the whole self. It therefore covers the beliefs, the feelings, the thoughts and even the action. Critical reflection looks at the whole picture when it comes to analysing anything that is complex and is therefore preferred in cases where the social worker wants to change the practice or the human services that have been previously used (Lyons, 2001). Ethics are meant to establish good or bad. What I had not learnt but did so in this course is about the existence of ethical challenges which affect the social worker while carrying out their duties of social relationship and social functioning. These ethical challenges affect the relationships, the boundaries that need to be established when carrying out the practice, the confidentiality and privacy of some issues about the clients as well as truthfulness. When the social workers are carrying out their work, they need to ensure that they apply the code of ethics of privacy, integrity, accuracy and not doing any harm to the clients as explained by (Garton, 1994). Learning about the codes and applying them protects the social workers from malpractice suits, being termed as incompetent by the clients, protecting their professionalism and professional identity as well as ensuring that they have self-regulating measures when working. The Australian code of ethics further insists on avoidance of conflict of interest and

Concrete is a very common construction material. In Concrete Design, Essay

Concrete is a very common construction material. In Concrete Design, you learn the positives and negatives using concrete during construction - Essay Example Such use of concrete only serves to cater for the short and medium term needs and in some cases the long term solutions like the Los Angeles River Revitalization Project (Anthony, 2014). However, due to a change in time, tastes, functionality and the development of green initiatives in structures and building spaces, most of the built environment may require retrofitting. Concrete main advantage in construction is its ability to last the entire life cycle of a structure. It does not corrode easily and gains strength over time. However, the difficulty in retrofitting of concrete structures is the primary disadvantage of the use of concrete. Retrofitting of concrete structures is expensive, results in a lot of construction waste, and requires specialized equipment like the jackhammers(Anthony, 2014). Therefore, in order to make a concrete structure easier to retrofit the conceptualization, planning and design stage of the structures have to be clearly well thought out. This means the developers and the architects have to consider both the short and long-term uses of the structures. In addition, alternatives can be found in parts of structures that do not require concrete. For example, columns, pillars, beams require the use of concrete, on the other hand, wood or steel can be used for partitioning and floors. Flint, A. (2014, November 18). Ushering in an Era of Concrete Destruction. Retrieved from Atlantic Citylab Web site: