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Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Prison Reform in America - 1895 Words

Prison Reform in America In the essay Prison Reform in America, Roger T. Pray points out the much attention that has been devoted to research to help prevent crimes. Showing criminals the errors of their ways not by brutal punishment, but by locking them up in the attempt to reform them. Robert Pray, who is a prison psychologist, is currently a researcher with the Utah Dept. of Corrections. He has seen what has become of our prison system and easily shows us that there is really no such thing as Prison Reform In Roger Prays essay we see how our prison system has come to where we are at now. He shows how history of prisons worked and how our basis of the prison system came about over the last 200 years. Robert states that it was†¦show more content†¦They felt isolation was the key for basic goodness in man to emerge. Europeans came to visit these institutions with the hope of using the system in their country. By the mid 1800s prison everywhere scarcely reflected the basic forms of prison. In the 1830s, many prisoners where often leased to private contractors, but was discontinued in the mid 1840s. In the 19th century it was seen that the prison system could not reform the prisoners. Citizens lost faith and felt that there was no cure to societys crime problem. It is interesting to see how our prison came about. Through the years and centuries we have been trying to find the right way to deal with criminals. Yes, criminals where dealt with brutally and maybe too brutal for the crimes committed. Today someone can commit murder and get 25 years. I dont feel that during these 25 years the criminal will really get reformed. How many prisoners get out of prison and go back to society as normal people. It seems to me that they usually have been in prison for so many years they have trouble going back to society. The only way they know how to live is how they lived in prison. In prison they get a bed to sleep in, food and clothing and they dont have to work hard for it. So they are quick to commit another crime to go back there. Seeing this happen over and over I feel that you really cant reform our prisoners or the prisons they are locked up in. In Prays essay weShow MoreRelatedPrison Reform in the United States of America1318 Words   |  6 P agesPrison Reform in The United States of America â€Å"It is said that no one truly knows a nation until one has been inside its jails. A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones† (Nelson Mandela, 1994). The United States of America has more people behind bars than any other country on the planet. The prisons are at over double capacity. It cost a lot of money to house prisoners each year. A large number of the prisoners are there because of drug related offensesRead MoreEssay about Prison Reform In America1880 Words   |  8 Pages Prison quot;Reformquot; in America In the essay quot;Prison quot;Reformquot; in America,quot; Roger T. Pray points out the much attention that has been devoted to research to help prevent crimes. Showing criminals the errors of their ways not by brutal punishment, but by locking them up in the attempt to reform them. Robert Pray, who is a prison psychologist, is currently a researcher with the Utah Dept. of Corrections. He has seen what has become of our prison system and easily shows usRead MorePrison Reform : Effective And Reliable Correctional System1352 Words   |  6 PagesPrison reforms are necessary to better the conditions for prisoners to enable the creation of an efficient and reliable correctional system. In reforming the prison system, it is essential for alternatives to incarceration to be explored (UNODC). There has been a sizeable escalation in the number of individuals serving prison sentences in American prisons. In fact, America has the world’s highest number of incarceration cases with over 2.2 million Americans in prison. The increased number of inmatesRead MoreThe American Penal System : The United States Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Penal System Crime has been an ever-present figure in America even before America officially became a country. Where there is crime, there must be a way to suppress it. That is where prisons come into play. When a person commits a crime, he or she might stay in a prison while awaiting trial and might also stay in a prison as a punishment if that trial does not end in his or her favor. According to The Sentencing Project, as of 2015, the United States’ rate of incarceration was the highestRead MoreA Step Towards Democracy: The Jacksonain Era848 Words   |  4 Pageswere filled with reforms ranging from political reforms to religious reforms. This era is commonly known as the Jacksonian Era. Prior to the Jacksonian Era, the early 19th century was classified to be a period of extreme instability. The Jacksonian Era involved many new ideas such as King Mob, the spoils system, expansion towards the West, and the Bank War. These characteristics of the Jacksonian Era brought stability and set a foundation for which its people could start reform movements. Even thoughRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Population1536 Words   |  7 PagesAfter decades trying to prevent it, prison population continued to increase. Mandatory minimum sentences and the privatization created more prisoners, rather than cutting down on the amount incarcerations. Since the 1980’s, the prison population has quadrupled and today one in every one hundred adults are in prison (Mandatory Minimums (HBO)). Infact, America leads the world in prisoners with 20% of the earth’s prison population (The Prison Crisis). In a study done by The American Prospect, chartsRead MoreReform, Means Improvement : Prison Reform Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesReform, means improvement. Prison reform, means the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, establishing a more effective penal system, or implement alternatives to incarceration. The penal system is part of the larger criminal justice system. Prison reformation, is not just about the justice system or the criminal justice system. They all have a different meaning, but, in all, they do involve with the same concepts, expectations, and ways of doing things because it deals with community, societyRead MoreThe Major Punishment For Criminal Acts1526 Words   |  7 Pagesan estimated 2338,000 individuals are in state prisons, more than 90,000 are in the federal prison, and more than 5,000 are in juvenile facilities. In the same way, more than 20,000 are in territorial prisons and military prisons, as well as local jails. By October 2013, America had the highest rate of incarceration across the globe at 718 per 100,000 people. It is equally important to note that as of December 2014, the International Centre for Prison Studies reported that there were 2, 783,689 prisonersRead MoreDorothy Dix Changed the Prison and Mental Health Systems1068 Words   |  4 Pages1800s, one woman decided that the prison and mental health systems could be improved to be kinder and more effective institutions. She saw a change to be complete in the world and made it her task to recreate the prison and mental health systems in a new and superior style. Throughout the years, prisons and mental health asylums have changed greatly, especially concerning unfair prison treatment, the reform movement, and today’s important impact. Before the reform movement, prisoners and the mentallyRead MoreThe Reasons For Why Recidivism Occurs1441 Words   |  6 Pagesplaces around the world there are prisons set up where people go after committing a crime. Now the point of prisons is to reform a person so when they come out of prison they will be a productive member of society and not the criminal they once were. This does not occur most of the time. In fact, the exact opposite has occurred so much that there is a term for it now. That term is recidivism, which is when a person goes back to a life of crime after some sort of reform. There are many reasons for why

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Book Report Writing

Book reports are required in numerous courses Every day teachers and instructors find new ways to keep students busy and learning, but many students are already bombarded with requirements from work and family that overwhelm them and make accomplishing writing work difficult. If you are struggling with book report writing, and need assistance to write a custom book report, our writers are here for you, writers committed to your success and dedicated to your needs. To provide you with verification, our writers have even written samples of their work, to demonstrate how their help will be the best assistance for your custom book report writing. High quality, professional writers available for your book report writing Book report writing is complicated not only because you must read a book to write it, but also because of strict formatting requirements and the need to adhere to the plagiarism prevention methods that are established by your school placing quotation marks, paraphrasing accurately, and even knowing where to put the in-text citations or even footnotes. Most students need writers they can trust to help them write the best custom book report, and here at ThePensters.com we provide you with the highest quality writers writers dedicated to your success and striving to meet your specific goals and needs. When you need a great writer, for your custom book report writing, you can browse through their examples and samples, or request that our support team put you in contact with the most compatible writer for your needs. You are not alone when you need to write a book report, our professional writers are here for you. Achieve your goals with the writers you can select Meet your goals, have the best success in book report writing when you have professional writers who care about your success, strive to meet your requirements, and are dedicated to custom book reports every time. You know you have made the best choices when you have writers who are willing to share with you their experiences, demonstrate their competence, and provide you evidence that they can develop the best custom book report writing. Quality service, reliable support teams, and professional writers are what you need when you need the best quality help to write your book report.

Friday, May 15, 2020

The Gulf Of Mexico, Louisiana, Mississippi, And Alabama

Introduction The Gulf of Mexico, an ocean basin mostly surrounded by the North America continental, is generally referred as the south coast of America and one of the major regions for source and infrastructure of oil and gas supply in the United States. Four of the states including Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama on the Gulf of Mexico consist of the significant petroleum-producing area. According to the data provided by the Energy Information Administration [1], the Gulf of Mexico offshore oil and natural gas production account for 17% and 5% respectively of the total U.S. crude oil and dry gas production. Additionally, about 45% of the petroleum refining and 51% of the natural gas processing capacity in the United States are spread out on the Gulf of Mexico. Formation of the Geological Structure According to the geological definition, the Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The formation of Gulf of Mexico can be dated back to the late Triassic, which was about 300 million years ago. The ancient mega-continent Pangea was split by a 6,000 km long crack into two supercontinents--Laurentia and Gondwana [2], which are mostly the North America and the South America with Africa. During the extension and stretching of the super-continents Laurentia and Gondwana, there was a great rift basin being formed across SouthShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Mississippi And How It Became The Territory It Is Today738 Words   |  3 Pagesthe state of Mississippi and how it became the territory it is today. Mississippi is located in the southern United States. The name was originated from the Mississippi river. Its date of statehood was December 10 , 1817. Jackson is the capital and largest city of Mississippi with about 170,000 people, according to Wikipedia.com. Mississippi’s state tree is magnolia, state bird is mockingbird. This state is the most religious state in the country for the past 4 to 5 years. Mississippi was the territoryRead MoreBPs Commitment to the Recovery of Natural Resources863 Words   |  3 Pagesresources in the Gulf soon after an injury is identified, reducing the time needed to achieve restoration of those resources. Projects under way Ten projects were approved in two separate phases. Phase I projects The eight initial projects will restore and enhance wildlife, habitats and the services provided by those habitats, as well as provide additional access for fishing, boating and related recreational uses. The projects are in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi. The trustees approvedRead MoreSwot Analysis : Williams Fabricators994 Words   |  4 Pagesis a new start- up company able to provide services for concrete fabrication, utilizing formwork, laying foundations. concrete placement, and excavation. This company plans to serve the Gulf Coast region encompassing Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana these four states share a border with the Gulf of Mexico. This company plans to bid on contracts for commercial concrete projects along this border. The company plans to develop into a leading formwork service provider through the means ofRead MoreCause Of Flooding And Its Impacts On Society1352 Words   |  6 Pagesrebuilt which is an economic loss. Since so much of the population lives in coastal areas, one-third of the United States gross domestic product is produced in these areas as well as more than 28 million jobs. For example, the infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast regions are worth approximately $3 trillion. [3] 3.1 Impact on Ecology Floods play a key role in maintaining ecosystems and biodiversity. This includes recharging groundwater systems, filling wetlands, increasing the connectivityRead MoreThe Devastation Of The Hurricane Katrina1837 Words   |  8 Pagesstyle, Cajun cuisines, jazz music and its celebration of Mardi Gras will never be the same. New Orleans, Louisiana was changed forever in August 2005 when this category five hurricane left the city devastated. The catastrophic storm tore through the city of New Orleans and surrounding areas destroying everything in its path and killing hundreds of people. For millions of people living near the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States, a team of weather experts in Miami were helping make a differenceRead MoreTyphoon Katrin The Deadliest Most Extraordinary Atlantic Storm830 Words   |  4 Pageshours it made landfall between Hallandale Shoreline and Aventura on the morning of August 25. The storm debilitated over area, yet it recaptured typhoon status around one hour in the wake of entering the inlet of Mexico [1]. The storm quickly escalated in the wake of entering the Gulf, developing from a Category 3 sea tempest to a Category 5 typhoon in only nine hours. This fast development was because of the storm s development over the uncommonly warm waters of the Loop Current, which expandedRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Oil Rig1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe Deepwater Horizon oil rig (April 20th 2010) situated near the Mississippi river delta in the Gulf of Mexico exploded sending over a period of 87 days 210 million U.S. gallons of crude oil onto the ocean’s surface as well as the coastlines of the Gulf states Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida and Alabama. The magnitude of this oil spill was so awesome it could be seen from space and unfortunately took the lives of 11 people. British Petroleum (BP) has been found under numerous sets of circumstancesRead MoreHurricane Katrin Disasters And Disasters909 Words   |  4 Pages however as far as hurricanes go, Katrina was one of the five the most dangerous and devastating hurricanes of U.S. history. On August 28, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. The damage from the actual storm was devastating. Hundreds of thousands of people in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama were displaced from their homes, and experts estimate that Katrina caused more than $100 billion in damage. History.com Staff (2009). The aftermath was even worse as the leveesRead MoreHurricane Katrina Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesthere before strengthening rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane strengthened to a Category  5 hurricane over the warm Gulf water, but weakened before making its second landfall as a Category  3 hurricane on the morning of Monday, August 29 in southeast Louisiana. Hurricane Katrina was the most costly hurricane in history. This hurricane caused $81 billion in property damages, but it is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion. Hurricane KatrinaRead MoreShould The North Dakota Pipeline Lead A Negative Ecological Impact? Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesin North Dakota, we have to review the worst oil spill to occur in the U.S. (ND Health). On April 20th, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded; releasing about 3.1 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The rig was located 41 miles off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. It was owned by the off-shore drilling company, Transocean and leased by the oil company BP. The explosion occurred because of natural gas build up, breaking through a concrete core to keep it sealed for

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Gender Equality Through Sports And Gender - 968 Words

As the world is becoming more technologically advanced and the standard of living is improving, the world still faces one colossal problem. Discrimination still exists in all forms, despite the efforts to eliminate it. Skin color, religion, and sex are the central components of discrimination in the world. One area that has shown great improvements over time is gender equality. Throughout world history, women have been viewed as inferior species to men. In the United States, women were not allowed to do certain things like join the military or vote. The United States has made great strides in providing equal opportunity to all genders. In spite of the many laws and acts congress has passed, women are still viewed as lesser subjects. Judith Lorber, Shari Dworkin, Bianca Grohmann, as well as Christopher Greenwell and other contributing authors, speak on the topic of gender equality through sports and gender perceptions in advertising and marketing. Before these authors began their discussions, they all attempted to define masculinity and femininity. Instead of using literal definitions, they gave examples. Lorber uses examples from sports and technology and what she calls the â€Å"bathroom problem† to help her audience reconsider their assumptions about gender. Dworkin and Messner’s essay builds on the work of many scholars who have examined the ways our notions of masculinity and femininity are tested, exhibited, and reinforced through participating in and watching sports.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Gender Barriers in Athletics1138 Words   |  5 Pages Gender Barriers in Athletics 2. What are the social and cultural costs and benefits of an individual (male or female) entering a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex (eg women who enter body building, power lifting, boxing; men who enter synchronized swimming or field hockey)? Throughout history it is clear that not only women, but both genders have faced seemingly insurmountable barriers when attempting to break into a sport that is not proper or stereotypical for their gender toRead MoreThe Ways Gender Difference Is A Basis For Inequality974 Words   |  4 Pagesways gender difference is a basis for inequality in contemporary society? Gender refers to the socially constructed categories of feminine and masculine. It is one of the major factors in social difference and inequality in today’s society. Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles. Using a paragraph based approach I intend to individually analyse various aspects of gender differencesRead MoreThe Role Of Title Ix Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesSports have been a large part of society throughout history. They have brought out happiness, joy, hard work, determination, and teamwork in the individuals that have participated in them. However, there have been negatives involved with sports throughout history also, including gender roles, which are defined as the public image of being a particular gender that a person presents to others. These roles have been created by society and passed down from generation to generation, informing one anotherRead MoreEssay on Gender Equity in College Sports1139 Words   |  5 PagesGender Equity in College Sports â€Å"Gender Equality In College Sports?† An on going issue facing education today is the growing controversial topic of gender equality in sports participation and it’s so call quota for achieving equality. The most notable action that has taken place as women continue to strive towards equality in the athletic realm is what is known as, Title IX. The basic ideas underlying Title IX are that â€Å"if an institution sponsors an athletics program, it must provide equalRead MoreFemale And Female Athletes1463 Words   |  6 Pagesare achievements of male or female athletes, then why does Canadian society? Sports include any activity which requires physically exercising a skill by competing against another party for the purpose of entertainment. This paraphrased definition does not specify if sports are better suited for males or females, yet there remains to be debate present over the equality - or lack thereof - enjoyed by females in Canadian sports. Not only are female athletes extremely under-represented in the m edia, theyRead MoreThe International Women s Media Foundation1500 Words   |  6 PagesCOPING SKILLS Due to the interest participants had in participating in sports, they found a way of coping with stereotypes. An example is given by Adams and Pamela (2003) who have postulated that cheerleading gives an opportunity for participants to reconstruct femininity in a way not to challenge the dominant ideas of the roles and expectations. This they did, by adjusting themselves to suit the evolving ideas of what it means to be a woman in the societal or cultural context. Also, there has beenRead MoreWomen s Women Faced Gender Discrimination1737 Words   |  7 Pagesfaced gender discrimination in politics in regards to plausibility about political obligation that falls along the lines of gender. Various gender representation within a representative democracy were consistent of male supremacy. Women were denied full citizenship rights such as the right to vote. Women fought for their suffrage in order to gain the right to vote and be entitled social, civil, and moral rights for themselves. Despite the increasing presence of women in American Politics, gender stereotypesRead MoreGender Equality And The Empowerment Of Women Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s participation in sports has a long history. It is a history marked by division and discrimination but also filled with major accomplishments by female athletes and important advances for gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls. It is important to know how women impacted sports and opened doors for new possibilities. The principal objective of Title IX is to stop the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs and to provide individual citizens helpfulRead MoreGender Inequality And The Social Construction Of Gender1562 Words   |  7 Pagesof gender, race, class, and sexuality have led to discrimination and inequality of those classified under a variety of these categories. Through understanding the significance of these social constructs on society it becomes apparent the intersectionality they have when it comes to understanding why certain groups may face discrimination or inequality. This paper examines gender inequality and how the social construction of gender makes it difficult for the pursuit of equality amongst genders. GenderRead MoreThe Inequality Of People Based Off Of Race1369 Words   |  6 Pagesact like a woman, give a man whatever he wants. Over time these became a set of gender boundaries. I believe that this behavior and way of thinking can over time have a huge negative impact on the way we as a society is upbringing children and making them think. Also this way of thinking prevents us from achieving full gender equality. Giving a gender more privilege than another is not a way to conquer gender equality. In the professor emerita of sociology and women s studies, Judith Lorber s Believing

Perception Of Social Based On The Individual s Social...

Introduction Children assume that members of the in-group are more likely to perform good actions. Those actions performed are more likely to be positively recalled. Over time, this personalized biases will create a foundation, which will shift their perception to produce confirmatory suggestions towards groups of categories. Categorization is a mental representation for a class of objects. Stereotypes are categories that link attributes to certain classes of people. The minimal group effect explores the discrimination between two groups. These two groups are set up to have conflicting ideas, practices, and concepts; which creates discrimination towards the two (Wright, 1997). The anticipated stereotypes categorizes favoritism with the†¦show more content†¦Previous research that explains the minimal group phenomenon is the The Robbers Cave experiment. This was done with eleven-year-old boys unknowingly assigned into two teams. There were challenges set up in order to intensify the confli ct between both groups. This experiment lasted one week and consisted of three stages. The first stage consisted of each team gaining a sense of identity and partnership. It was during the end of this stage that the participants were aware of the opposing team; which created the separation between us versus them. The next stage’s purpose was to intensify the competition between the two teams. This included physical competitive games. The last stage goal was to resolve the conflict made by the negative attitudes towards both teams. The results of this study expressed how positive interdependence, and not solely stopping the negative attitudes, was needed to restore the diverse level of negative social perception between groups (Sherif, 1988). Another experiment that investigated the minimal group phenomenon was with males in the Swiss Army. This explored whether organizations had an important benefit to a selfless cooperation and punishment of the norm violation from within a controlled real world sample. The results of this study expressed that the expected

In describing the history of the English Language Essay Example For Students

In describing the history of the English Language Essay stable-isotope analysis, which uses tooth enamel to identify the area in which a person grew up, suggests that there was no mass influx of population from the continent in the post-Roman period (Pryor, 2004, p. 214). So when looking at the external evidence, how is it as proof of how the English language developed? I think that when viewed alone it gives a limited view of the language, but it does provide a context of what external events such as the Anglo-Saxon and Viking invasions. To understand how the English language evolved we need to look at how the evidence relates to another type of evidence, that of Internal evidence. Internal evidence shows how the language was actually spoken and how the vocabulary, grammar and spelling may have had similarities to our Modern English. Internal evidence takes the form of texts and documents that demonstrates how the language was used at the specific time being discussed. When looking at internal evidence we could also be looking at personal or places names and how certain borrowings were kept or discarded. One of the examples of this found in Changing English is Caedmons story where there is a lengthy example of the language that was used at that time. By looking at the old English spellings we can try and get a feel for how these words were pronounced at that particular time. We can also them compare them to modern English spellings of these words. An example from this text would the letter order of words, hwi t and change the letter order of the h and w we then get a word that is very similar to the modern English word what. Another type of internal evidence can be found in David Crystals The Celtic Language Puzzle, where he asks the question Why did the Anglo-Saxons not end up speaking the Celtic languages of Britain? One of the reasons speculated on is that both the Anglo-Saxons and the Celtics already had some language in common with Latin. Celtic words which were derived from Latin include Schola for school and even place names like Eccleston from the Latin word ecclesia (Crystal, 2004). If this is the case then a possible reason for the lack of Celtic words would be that the Anglo-Saxons brought with them their own words that had identical meanings to the Celtic words so there was no reason for them to borrow any. There does appear to have been a survival of typically Celtic personal names especially among Anglo-Saxon nobility like Ci dwalla, Ceadda and Ceawlin. Crystal states that one of the reasons for this as A likely scenario is that Anglo-Saxon chieftains would be living in accord with members of the Romano-Celtic nobility, and intermarrying with them. A child would be named for a senior one or other family, and this would be as easily Celtic as Germanic (Crystal, 2004). Our understanding of the English language and how it evolved is reliant on the evidence available and if the context that it was written in and does it actually reflect the language being spoken at the time and in the areas of Britain being discussed. As Dick Leith (Leith, 2007) states on Bede He may have tidied up the picture in order to construct a coherent history that emphasised the role of his own people, the Anglo-Saxons. So does the evidence tell us more about the Anglo-Saxons and how they viewed themselves rather than providing a historical account of how the English language developed. Much of the evidence provides more questions than answers and cannot be looked at separately from internal evidence as both types of evidence are equally important in discovering how the English language has progressed from Old English to the Modern English of today. Civil Disobedience in American History EssayWord Count: 1173 References Granddol, D. ,Leith, D. , Swann, J. (2007) Changing English, Routledge, Open University Press.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Use of Social Media in B2B Branding

Question: Discuss about theUse of Social Media in B2B Branding. Answer: Introduction Internet applications have been widely used by business to business marketers for quite some time now. However, research and innovation have caused the web to change due to increased use of social media(Neti, 2011, p. 4). The web is defined as a group of interactive and an open source online applications enlarging the experiences, market power and knowledge of users as participants in social and business processes (Michael, 2010, p. 53). There are key terms that are associated with online marketing and branding. The keywords are Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and blogging among others. Innovation has caused technology to evolve at a faster rate leading to increased competition among businesses(Vukasovi?, 2013, p. 99). This has done the businesses to focus on social media to help them in marketing their products and services and to establish a wide customer base. One of the major social media platforms that have been used is Facebook. Most of the young people use Facebook to communicate with their friends and families. Some firms that produce goods and services that target the young people have taken advantage of this platform to avail their products and services in the market. Such firms have been able to connect with their target customers. This task will focus on how business to business marketers have engaged the use of social media to conduct business by analysing two business articles (Brennan, 2012, p.3). Arguments of the Authors The first article whose title is The Use of Social Media in B2B Marketing and Branding, the author has focused on how technology has enabled the companies to use social media to market their products. There are various arguments that the author has addressed in this article. The first argument focuses on what part the social media has to play so as to develop an information-based approach to business to business branding. Various companies put different amount of information on their social media. Some companies rely on the traditional methods of sales while others have embraced the use of social media in connecting with their customers (Borges, 2009, p. 9). The firms that have engaged social media can have wide market share since they can reach to a large number of people. The other argument presented is how social media can assist in managing seller-buyer relationships. The author identifies that companies that used social media to connect with the customers encouraged staff to com municate with their customers without undue corporate interference. The author records that the larger US companies have been able to build substantial virtual communities on Facebook.' Besides the author discusses how social media can be used to enhance trustworthy relationships between sellers and buyers. He identifies that many of the people involved in the social media conversations are familiar with each other and hence a company can progressively establish their relationship which leads to trusting relationship with their customers. The last argument presented in the article is that the social media can be a useful component in the market penetration brand strategy in business-to- business markets of high-technology. This is achieved by building a leadership that is knowledgeable by application of social media. The second article is entitled branding in the age of social media. It explains that companies have lost billions of dollars when developing content on social media with the hope of attracting audiences towards their brands, but consumers have not responded positively. The author argues that culture has transformed how social media works. For brands to succeed, they have to find their way through culture as branding is a technique used to achieve cultural relevance. Branded content is not a new thing since in the past, companies made their brands famous by adopting approaches from popular entertainment for instance use of songs, short-form storytelling, and cinematic tricks to capture the attention of the audience. The rise of new technology has made the audience to easily access various entertainments such that its now harder or the brands to buy fame due to competition with this other forms of entertainment. The Difference in the Arguments of the Authors In the two articles, the authors have different arguments concerning the use of social media in the business to business marketing. The author of the first article argues that branding by the use of the social media has attracted audiences in various online platforms that companies use to market their product. The author of the second articles identifies that social media has led to rising of crowd culture which refers digital crowds becoming more powerful cultural innovators. In the early days, mass media and companies acted as the link to bring new ideas to the market since cultural innovation was obtained from different groups of the society. Social media has made everything change. Communities that were separated due to geographical reason can now reconnect through the social media, and this interaction can help companies get market ideas on areas that the customers are not satisfied (Mangold, 2009, p.361). In the first article, the author argues that research and innovation have led to development of technology which has resulted in increased use of social media for business- to-business branding. This is because the buyers and the sellers can connect to various platforms such as Facebook and YouTube. The author of the second articles argues that branded content is not something that is new because even in the past companies borrowed their brand content from songs, stories, and cinematic tricks to attract customers. There was limited cultural competition since there were only a few oligopolies. The author quotes that in the United States, three networks produced television programming for 30 weeks or so every year and then went into reruns. The author of the first article argues that trust relationship can be enhanced by keeping in touch will the customers and updating them with whatever information they may require so as to develop brand loyalty. The author of the second article argues that in the past, brands were used to sponsor television programs which had good content. Brands would then be used as an intermediary to entertainment which helped to obtain customer loyalty. The author of the first article argues that the use of social media is an important component of market penetration brand strategy in high-technology business to business markets. In the second article, the author argues that combining cultural branding with celebrity sponsorships can create content that can be helpful in attracting audiences who can turn out to be customers. Recommendations There are various recommendations given by the two authors. The author of the first article recommends that the used of social media for business-to business branding is critical to both medium sized and big firms. This is because in the social media platforms the firms can connect with its customers and look for a bigger market share. This makes a firm to remain competitive in a dynamic business environment. Establishing ways of developing solid buyer-seller relationships is another recommendation. This can be done by the staff keeping in touch with the customers online and responding to their complaints immediately so as to gain their trust (Kaplan, 2010, p.62). The author of the second article recommends that cultural branding can help to break the crowd culture. This can be done by various methods. One of the ways of cultural branding is locating the cultural opportunity. This can be done by businesses searching for brands which are innovative. This is because of customers tastes and preferences open doors for other alternatives products. Firms can take this advantage to come up with new innovative brands. Another recommendation is for firms to innovate using flash points which are cultural continually. This can be done by a firm participating in current issues that dominate the media. This helps a brand to sustain its cultural relevance. The other recommendation is competing for crowd cultures. Targeting crowd cultures is an effective way for companies to brand with the social media. Today, many brands run after trends to remain relevant. Many companies are doing similar things with the same trends. This makes the customers not to pay att ention. By letting certain ideologies flow out of crowd cultures, brands can stand out in the crowded media environment (Holt, 2016, p48). Conclusion From the above first articles, it is evident that social media is playing a big role in business to business marketing and branding. This has led to business growth since companies can connect with their customers who provide them with important information on areas that need improvement. This interaction enables a firm to build trust with the customers who help to create brand loyalty. Social media has enabled businesses to be global since people from different parts of the world can connect through Facebook, Twitter, and other social platforms. 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